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''Daf Yomi'' ((ヘブライ語:דף יומי), ''Daf Yomi'', "page of the day" or "daily folio") is a daily regimen of learning the Oral Torah and its commentaries (also known as the Gemara), in which each of the 2,711 pages of the Babylonian Talmud are covered in sequence.〔A ''daf'', or ''blatt'' in Yiddish, consists of both sides of the page.〕 Under this regimen, the entire Talmud is completed, one day at a time, in a cycle of seven and a half years. Tens of thousands of Jews worldwide study in the Daf Yomi program,〔Goldman (2000), p. 264.〕〔 and over 300,000 participate in the Siyum HaShas, an event celebrating the culmination of the cycle of learning. The Daf Yomi program has been credited with making Talmud study accessible to Jews who are not Torah scholars,〔Heilman (1995), pp. 315-316.〕〔Schloss (2002), p. 296.〕 contributing to Jewish continuity after the Holocaust,〔 and having a unifying factor among Jews.〔Becher (2005), p. 420.〕〔Frand (1999), p. 242.〕 ==Genesis== The novel idea of Jews in all parts of the world studying the same ''daf'' each day, with the goal of completing the entire Talmud, was put forth at the First World Congress of the World Agudath Israel which took place in Vienna starting from Elul 3, 5683 / August 15, 1923 and which lasted for ten days.〔Baumol, A Blaze in the Darkening Gloom page 164 states the convention started on the Elul 3, 5683 and on page 171 he writes it lasted for ten days.〕 The proposal for the study of Daf Hayomi was made on Elul 7 or 9, 5683 (August 19 or 21, 1923) 〔Mandelbaum, David Avraham Yeshivat Chachmei Lublin Volume II, pp. 208 puts the date as Elul 9, 5683 (August 21, 1923), however Halachmi, Dovid in Yeshivat Chachmei Lublin and its founder Rabbi Meir Schapiro pp. 31 puts the date as Elul 7, 5683 (August 19, 1923) as does Skorsky, Ahron in Volume I of Rabbi Meir Schapiro Bmishnah Boimer Ubmaas, p. 296. Zeidman, Hillel (http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/chinuch/mosdot/hahmey-2.htm - accessed 7/18/14) has the date as Elul 5.〕 by Rabbi Meir Shapiro, then Rav of Sanok, Poland, and future rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin and the resolution was adopted on Elul 10, 5683.〔In Mandelbaum, Dovid Avraham Igrot Vtoldot Moreinu Maharam Shapiro pp. 63 there is a picture of a poster related to the upcoming (first) Siyum Hashas and in it Rabbi Shapiro writes "Then on the tenth day of Elul 5683 the Knesiah Gedolah decided - upon my advice that God gave me - the learning of a woldwide lecture of Daf Yomi". See also Zeidman, Hillel (http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/chinuch/mosdot/hahmey-2.htm - accessed 7/18/14) who writes regarding another proposal made by Rabbi Meir Schapiro at that same convention (the establishment of Yeshivat Chachmei Lublin) that it was adopted on Elul 10, 5883.〕 In those years, only some of the 63 tractates of the Talmud were being studied regularly, such as ''Berachot'', ''Shabbat'', and ''Eruvin'', which deal with practical laws, while others, such as ''Zevachim'' and ''Temurah'', were hardly studied.〔Shlomi, B. "A Brilliant Idea: Daf Yomi". ''Hamodia'' Magazine, 3 May 2012, pp. 18–20.〕 Rabbi Shapiro also viewed the program as a way to unify the Jewish people. As he explained to the Congress delegates: What a great thing! A Jew travels by boat and takes gemara ''Berachot'' under his arm. He travels for 15 days from Eretz Yisrael to America, and each day he learns the ''daf''. When he arrives in America, he enters a ''beis medrash'' in New York and finds Jews learning the very same ''daf'' that he studied on that day, and he gladly joins them. Another Jew leaves the States and travels to Brazil or Japan, and he first goes to the ''beis medrash'', where he finds everyone learning the same ''daf'' that he himself learned that day. Could there be greater unity of hearts than this?〔Marks, Yehudah. "It's Question Time at Daf Yomi Kollel: Jews from around the world can get instant answers – in English – to their questions on Gemara, halachah, and many other areas of Jewish interest". ''Hamodia'', 24 May 2012, pp. A30–31.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rabbi Meir Shapira – The Rav of Lublin and Creator of Daf Yomi )〕 Originally, Rabbi Shapiro saw Daf Yomi as an obligation only for the religious youth of Poland. However, the idea was greeted enthusiastically by the nearly 600 delegates at the Congress, including many Torah leaders from Europe and America, who accepted it a universal obligation for all Jews.〔〔Baumol (1994), pp. 161-165.〕 The first cycle of Daf Yomi commenced on the first day of Rosh Hashanah 5684 (11 September 1923), with tens of thousands of Jews in Europe, America and Israel learning the first ''daf'' of the first tractate of the Talmud, ''Berachot''. To show support for the idea, the Gerrer Rebbe, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, learned the first ''daf'' of ''Berachot'' in public on that day.〔〔 On 12 November 1924 Tractate ''Berachot'' was completed, with small ''siyums'' (celebrations marking the completion of study of a Talmudic tractate) in local communities. At that time, Rabbi Shapiro published a calendar for the entire cycle of Daf Yomi study.〔 (For the first cycle, there were only 2,702 pages of Talmud on the schedule; later Gedolei Yisrael increased it to 2,711,〔Shlomi, B. "The Historic First Siyum HaShas". ''Hamodia'' Magazine, 10 May 2012, pp. 12–13.〕 changing the edition used for Tractate Shekalim, taken from the Jerusalem Talmud, to one with more pages.) The siyum for the completion of Tractate ''Pesachim'' took place after the laying of the cornerstone for Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin. At that time, Rabbi Shapiro conceived the idea of contributing daily ''groschen'' to help raise money for the building. Each day, each person who studied Daf Yomi was asked to set aside a ''grosh'' (a Polish penny), and at the end of the tractate, to donate the sum to the yeshiva.〔Baumol, "A Blaze in the Darkening Gloom", p. 172.〕 The Gerrer Rebbe immediately contributed the entire sum of 2,700 ''groschen'' (27 złoty) to support this initiative.〔 The Second World Congress of the World Agudath Israel, held in 1929, coincided with the completion of Tractate ''Zevachim''.〔 The 1st Siyum HaShas took place on 2 February 1931 (15 Shevat 5691) in several cities in Europe and in Jerusalem, with the main venue being the newly opened Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin in Lublin, Poland. Tens of thousands of Jews attended these events. Rabbi Shapiro presided over the Siyum in his yeshiva in the presence of many leaders of Polish Jewry.〔 In the United States, Siyums were held in Baltimore and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.〔Horowitz, Yisroel. "Celebrating Siyum HaShas in America". ''Hamodia'' Magazine, 21 June 2012, p. 3.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「daf yomi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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